How to Choose an Insulation Tester: A Complete Buyer's Guide

Choose the wrong insulation tester and you’ll either waste money on capabilities you don’t need or get stuck with equipment that can’t handle the job. Both happen often. A residential electrician buying a $3,000 5-kV tester to verify branch circuits, or an industrial maintenance team trying to test 13.8 kV motor windings with a 1 kV handheld — both are real situations I’ve seen.

This buyer’s guide walks through the decision systematically. What equipment will you actually test? What test voltage do you need? What features matter and which are vendor fluff? What safety category applies? What’s your realistic budget? By the end, you should know exactly which tier of tester you need and have a shortlist of specific models worth comparing.

The Decision Framework: Five Questions

Buying an insulation tester comes down to answering five questions in order:

What equipment will you test? → determines required test voltage
What test voltage do you need? → narrows the tester class
What Overvoltage Category (CAT) applies? → determines safety construction requirements
What features matter for your work? → narrows specific models
What’s your realistic budget? → final shortlist

Skip any of these and you’ll either overspend or buy something that doesn’t fit. Work through them in order and the final choice usually becomes obvious.

Question 1: What Equipment Will You Test?

The single most important factor. Test voltage requirements vary by an order of magnitude depending on what you’re testing.

Test voltage selection by equipment type

Equipment to test	Recommended test voltage
Telecom cabling, electronic systems	50V or 100V
Residential branch circuits (≤240V)	250V or 500V
Commercial circuits up to 480V	500V
Industrial circuits up to 1 kV	500V or 1000V
MV motors (1 – 5 kV)	1000V or 2500V
MV switchgear and cables (1 – 5 kV)	1000V or 2500V
MV motors and cables (5 – 15 kV)	2500V or 5000V
HV equipment (15 – 36 kV)	5000V or 10000V
HV cables and large generators (>36 kV)	10000V or 15000V
Specialty research applications	15000V+

The IEEE 43 rule of thumb (for rotating machines)

For motors and generators specifically, IEEE 43-2013 recommends test voltage based on equipment rated voltage:

Motors rated <1 kV: Test at 500V DC
Motors rated 1-2.5 kV: Test at 500V or 1000V DC
Motors rated 2.5-5 kV: Test at 1000V or 2500V DC
Motors rated 5-12 kV: Test at 2500V or 5000V DC
Motors rated >12 kV: Test at 5000V or 10000V DC

This drives equipment selection for motor maintenance applications.

What if you test multiple equipment types?

Three approaches:

Approach 1: Buy a multi-voltage tester. Modern professional testers (Megger MIT525, Fluke 1555, Hioki IR4053) offer 5 test voltages in one unit — typically 250V, 500V, 1000V, 2500V, 5000V. This single instrument covers from residential to MV motor testing.

Approach 2: Buy multiple specialized testers. For specific high-volume applications, dedicated testers may be more efficient (e.g., 500V handheld for daily branch circuit work + 5000V benchtop for monthly motor testing).

Approach 3: Buy for your highest need. A 5000V tester can also do 500V and 1000V tests. You don’t need a separate 500V tester if you have a 5000V multi-voltage unit.

For most professional users, Approach 1 (multi-voltage) is the best value.

Question 2: What Test Voltage Do You Need?

Once you know what you’re testing, this determines the tester class.

Test voltage classes and what they’re for

250V-class (entry level)

Use cases: telecom, electronics, very low-voltage circuits
Typical price: $200-$500
Limited applicability — not suitable for most professional work

500V/1000V class (general purpose)

Use cases: residential, commercial, light industrial circuits
Typical price: $300-$800
Most common class for general electrical work
Examples: Fluke 1577, Megger MIT400 series

5000V class (industrial professional)

Use cases: MV motors, switchgear, MV cables
Typical price: $1,500-$4,500
Standard for industrial maintenance and commissioning
Examples: Megger MIT525, Fluke 1555, Hioki IR4053

10000V/15000V class (utility/heavy industrial)

Use cases: HV cables, large generators, transmission equipment
Typical price: $4,000-$15,000
Specialized utility and heavy industrial equipment
Examples: Megger MIT1025, Megger MIT1525, AEMC 6555

Specialty HV testers (>15000V)

Use cases: research, very high-voltage testing
Typical price: $15,000-$80,000+
Highly specialized; combined with hipot and PD capabilities
Examples: Megger MIT2500, B2 HVA series

The “step up” principle

When in doubt, buy one class higher than your current need. You’ll likely take on work requiring that capability within a few years. A $1,800 5000V tester used for 500V work for two years and then for proper 5000V work is a better investment than a $400 500V tester replaced after two years.

What you don’t need

A 15-kV tester for residential work. A 250V tester for an industrial maintenance department. Specialty research-grade testers for routine commercial work. Match the tool to the job — buying the highest-voltage tester “just in case” is wasteful and adds unnecessary complexity to routine tasks.

Question 3: What Overvoltage Category Applies?

IEC 61010-1:2010 defines four Overvoltage Categories (commonly called “CAT” ratings) based on where in the electrical system you’ll be measuring. The standard’s formal term is “Overvoltage Category,” elaborated in Annex K and aligned with IEC 60364 and IEC 60664-1. This determines the safety construction the tester must meet.

Per IEC 61010-1 Clause 3.5.17, an Overvoltage Category is “a numeral defining a transient overvoltage condition.” The categories exist to achieve insulation coordination between different parts of the mains supply installation.

Overvoltage Categories explained (per IEC 61010-1 Annex K)

Overvoltage Category I (CAT I) — Protected electronic circuits

Equipment connected to a mains supply where means have been taken to substantially and reliably reduce transient overvoltages
Internal circuits in equipment
Per IEC 61010-1: “OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY I is not relevant to this standard” — meaning it’s not used as a rating for test equipment
Rare requirement for insulation testers

Overvoltage Category II (CAT II) — Single-phase outlets, residential branches

“For equipment intended to be supplied from the building wiring” (IEC 61010-1, Annex K)
Applies to plug-connected equipment and permanently connected equipment
Standard for general residential/light commercial work
IEC 61010-1 Clause 6.7 covers requirements for nominal supply voltage up to 300 V
Working voltage typically up to 300V (CAT II 300V) or 600V (CAT II 600V)

Overvoltage Category III (CAT III) — Distribution boards, fixed installations

“For equipment intended to form part of a building wiring installation. Such equipment includes socket outlets, fuse panels, and some MAINS installation control equipment” (IEC 61010-1, Annex K)
“Manufacturers may also design equipment for OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY III when a higher degree of reliability and availability is desired”
Standard for industrial and commercial professional work
Most multi-voltage 5000V testers
Working voltage typically up to 600V (CAT III 600V) or 1000V (CAT III 1000V)

Overvoltage Category IV (CAT IV) — Origin of installation, utility side

“For equipment installed at or near the origin of the electrical supply to a building, between the building entrance and the main distribution board” (IEC 61010-1, Annex K)
“Such equipment may include electricity tariff meters and primary overcurrent protection devices”
“Manufacturers may also design equipment for OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY IV when an even higher degree of reliability and availability is desired”
Required for utility commissioning and HV work
Working voltage typically up to 600V (CAT IV 600V) or 1000V (CAT IV 1000V)

Why Overvoltage Category ratings matter

Each higher category provides more protection against transient overvoltages. CAT IV equipment can withstand much higher transient voltages than CAT II equipment because the further you are from the utility source, the more transient energy can be present.

Per IEC 61010-1, transient overvoltage levels at CAT III and CAT IV are governed by clearance and creepage distance requirements specified in Tables K.3 and K.4 of Annex K. Higher categories require larger physical clearances between conductive parts and more robust insulation.

Practical guide: When measuring inside a substation switchyard or at a utility connection, CAT IV is required. Inside an industrial facility’s distribution panel, CAT III is appropriate. Plugging into a wall outlet for residential testing, CAT II is adequate.

CAT rating vs measurement voltage

CAT rating combines with a voltage value. “CAT III 600V” means CAT III construction at nominal supply voltage up to 600V; “CAT IV 1000V” means CAT IV construction at nominal supply voltage up to 1000V.

For an insulation tester: Look at the highest voltage on the rating sticker, which is the maximum working voltage where you can safely measure. The test output voltage (500V, 1000V, etc.) is separate — it’s what the tester produces during the test.

Required CAT rating by application

Application	Minimum recommended CAT rating
Residential electrical work	CAT II 300V
Commercial light industrial	CAT III 300V
Industrial maintenance (panels, MCC)	CAT III 600V or 1000V
Utility commissioning, substations	CAT IV 600V or 1000V
MV switchgear (1-15 kV)	CAT IV 1000V minimum
Outdoor utility work, lightning-prone	CAT IV 1000V minimum

Per IEC 61557-1 Clause 4.7, insulation monitoring devices (IEC 61557-8 equipment) shall be designed for at least Overvoltage Category III per IEC 60664-1.

Question 4: What Features Matter?

Once you’ve narrowed by voltage and CAT rating, features determine which specific model fits.

Essential features (must-have for professional work)

Multiple test voltages

Single-voltage testers limit your work; multi-voltage testers cost only 10-30% more
For professional work, at least 500V, 1000V, and 2500V in one unit
Premium professional units include 5 voltages: 250V, 500V, 1000V, 2500V, 5000V

Automatic time-stamping

Display PI (10-min reading / 1-min reading) automatically
Display DAR (60-sec / 30-sec) automatically
Essential for motor testing per IEEE 43-2013

Display of test voltage

Real-time display of actual applied voltage
Necessary to verify the test is at the specified voltage
Sometimes called “smart voltage” or “actual voltage” display

Battery and self-test

Internal battery test before each measurement
Low battery indicator
Self-diagnostic on power-up

Protection class II (double-insulated)

Required per IEC 61557-1 Clause 4.5 (except for IMDs covered by IEC 61557-8 and 61557-9)
Visible double-square symbol on the case

High-value features (worth paying for)

Data logging and memory

Store hundreds to thousands of test results
Time-stamped readings
USB or wireless download to PC
Essential for trending and reporting

Polarization Index (PI) auto-calculation

Automatic 10-minute test with display of PI value
Saves operator time
Reduces calculation errors

Dielectric Absorption Ratio (DAR) auto-calculation

Automatic 60-second test with DAR display
Faster alternative to full PI

Step Voltage testing

Programmed test sequence with multiple voltage levels
Detects non-linear insulation behavior (PD precursors)
Available on premium testers

Wireless connectivity (Bluetooth/WiFi)

Real-time data to phone/tablet
Eliminates manual transcription
Increasingly standard in 2025-2026

Built-in voltmeter

Verify circuit is de-energized before testing
Check for stray voltage
Important safety feature

Nice-to-have features

Backlit display — Helps in dim environments. Often included.

Rugged case — IP54 or IP65 rated for harsh environments. Worth the slight premium for field work.

Carrying case — Quality hard case for transport. Some manufacturers include; others sell separately ($50-200).

Application-specific test modes — Pre-programmed for specific equipment types. Useful but learnable in standard modes.

Color display — Easier to read but no real diagnostic advantage over monochrome.

Features to avoid paying extra for

Specialized software lock-in — Some manufacturers require proprietary software for data downloads. Look for open formats (CSV, PDF export) over proprietary platforms.

“Smart” features that require subscription — Some newer testers require ongoing subscriptions for full functionality. Beware vendor lock-in.

Excessive accessory bundles — Test leads, hooks, and standard accessories should be included. Extra clips and adapters added to inflate the price are often unnecessary.

Question 5: What’s Your Realistic Budget?

Match budget to use case. Spending too much wastes capital; spending too little wastes time and creates risk.

Budget tiers for 2025-2026

Budget tier ($200-$500)

Basic 500V or 1000V handheld
Single test voltage typical
Minimum accuracy (±10-15%)
Limited features (no PI/DAR calculation)
Best for: occasional residential use, DIY, very low frequency use

Standard tier ($500-$1,500)

Multi-voltage handhelds (500V to 2500V)
±5% accuracy
PI/DAR calculation
Memory and data logging
Best for: residential electricians, light commercial work

Professional tier ($1,500-$4,500)

Multi-voltage 5000V capability
±2-3% accuracy
Comprehensive features (PI, DAR, step voltage, wireless)
Larger memory, better case
Best for: industrial maintenance, commercial commissioning

Premium tier ($4,500-$12,000)

HV testers (10 kV / 15 kV)
Maximum accuracy and features
Substantial test lead sets and accessories
Best for: utility commissioning, large generator/transformer work

Specialty tier ($12,000+)

VLF cable testers
Combined hipot/megger/PD instruments
Very high voltage (>15 kV)
Best for: cable contractors, specialized utility work

Realistic budget by user type

User type	Realistic budget
Hobbyist / occasional DIY	$200-$400
Residential electrician	$500-$1,200
Commercial electrician	$1,000-$2,500
Industrial maintenance technician	$1,500-$4,000
Utility commissioning engineer	$4,000-$10,000
Cable testing specialist	$15,000-$40,000

Total cost vs. purchase price

Remember from our Calibration article — the purchase price is only about a third of total 10-year cost. A $3,200 premium tester used 100 times/year averages ~$9 per measurement over its lifetime. Don’t let initial price drive a decision that creates long-term cost issues.

Specific Model Recommendations by Use Case

For residential electricians

Recommended: Fluke 1587 FC

Combined insulation tester + multimeter
250V/500V/1000V test voltages
True-RMS multimeter included
Bluetooth/Fluke Connect app
~$700-900

Alternative: Megger MIT400/2 series

250V/500V/1000V or 250V/500V/1000V/2500V
Compact, rugged
Long battery life
~$600-1,200

Why these work: Multi-voltage, professional accuracy (±5%), durable, common in the trade.

For industrial maintenance

Recommended: Megger MIT525

5 test voltages: 250V/500V/1000V/2500V/5000V
±2% accuracy
PI/DAR auto-calculation
Bluetooth, large memory
~$3,000-3,500

Alternative: Hioki IR4053

5 test voltages similar to MIT525
Excellent build quality
Good display, intuitive interface
~$2,500-3,200

Alternative: Fluke 1555 FC

250V/500V/1000V/2500V/5000V
True-RMS voltage measurement
Bluetooth, Fluke Connect ecosystem
~$3,500-4,000

Why these work: Cover all common industrial test voltages, professional accuracy, comprehensive features for motor and switchgear work.

For utility commissioning

Recommended: Megger MIT1025

Up to 10 kV test voltage
Specifically designed for HV motors, generators, cables
Comprehensive trending and reporting
~$8,000-10,000

Alternative: AEMC 6555

15 kV test voltage capability
Built specifically for utility applications
~$12,000-15,000

Why these work: True HV capability for utility equipment; substation-grade construction; CAT IV rated.

For EV service technicians

Recommended: Hioki IR4056-90 (with EV-specific functions)

Specifically designed for EV battery system testing
Low test voltages appropriate for HV battery work
Insulation continuity functions
~$1,200-1,800

Alternative: Megger MIT430/2 with EV-specific accessories

General insulation tester + specialized EV probes
~$1,000-1,500

Why these work: EV work requires specific procedures (see our EV Battery Insulation Testing article) — these testers support those procedures.

For solar PV contractors

Recommended: HT Instruments I-V400w with insulation function

Combined I-V curve tracing + insulation testing
PV-specific protocols
~$2,500-3,500

Alternative: Megger MIT420/2 with PV accessories

Standard insulation tester adapted for PV
~$900-1,200

Why these work: PV work needs IEC 62446-1 compliant insulation testing (see Solar PV Insulation Testing) — these include or adapt for PV procedures.

New vs Used: When Used Makes Sense

The used market for professional insulation testers is significant. Quality testers hold value well, and used purchases can save 40-60% off new prices.

When used is a good choice

Established models still in production (current Megger, Fluke, Hioki lines) — parts and calibration support available
Major brands with traceable history — known calibration record, original documentation
Less than 5 years old — modern features, manufacturer support typically still available
Includes recent calibration certificate — within the last 12 months
Listed by reputable seller with return policy

When used is risky

Discontinued models (5+ years out of production) — parts shortage, eventual support end
No calibration history — unknown condition, unable to verify accuracy
Damaged case or accessories — likely internal damage from same incident
Listed by unknown sellers with no return policy — potential for fraud or hidden problems
Major brand reproductions from non-OEM sources

Used pricing expectations

Used current-generation models: typically 50-70% of new price
Used premium models (3-5 years old): typically 40-55% of new price
Older units (5+ years): typically 25-40% of new price, factor in calibration availability

Calibration is mandatory before professional use

Any used tester must be sent for calibration before professional use, regardless of seller’s claims about accuracy. Budget $200-$500 for initial calibration on top of purchase price.

Common Buying Mistakes

Buying based on price alone. A $200 tester for $5,000 of work is poor economics. Match equipment to value.

Buying based on brand alone. All major brands (Megger, Fluke, Hioki) make good equipment. Specific models matter more than brand.

Overcompensating with high voltage capability. A residential electrician doesn’t need a 5000V tester. A 10 kV tester for routine MCC work is overkill.

Undercompensating on voltage. A 1000V tester won’t properly test a 13.8 kV motor. The test results will be misleading even if not impossible.

Ignoring CAT ratings. A non-CAT-rated tester can fail explosively in CAT III/IV environments.

Skipping the calibration discussion at purchase. Verify the unit will be calibrated before delivery, and ask for the calibration certificate.

Buying obsolete models for “deals”. A discontinued model with no parts support is a future expense.

Missing the accessories cost. Test leads, probes, hooks, cases add up. Verify what’s included.

Not testing the unit on arrival. Verify functionality immediately so warranty issues can be addressed before they’re disputed.

Ignoring the operating environment. Equipment for outdoor utility work needs different specifications than equipment for an indoor lab.

Compatibility and Accessories

Test leads

Most testers come with one set of test leads. For professional use, consider:

Backup set ($50-150) — backup for damaged leads
Extended leads ($75-200) — for testing equipment in confined spaces
Probe handles with safety covers ($50-100) — improved safety
Insulation-piercing connectors ($75-150) — for testing without disconnection

Probes

Standard clips — included with most testers
Crocodile clips — useful for large terminals
Banana plugs — standard interconnect for many test setups
Specialty probes for specific applications

Cases and storage

Hard case ($50-200) — protect tester during transport
Carry bag ($30-100) — softer protection for daily use
Wall-mount bracket ($75-150) — for fixed installation testers

Calibration check tools

100 MΩ reference resistor ($50-150) — between-calibration verification (see Calibration article)
Decade resistor box ($300-800) — comprehensive verification

Manufacturer-specific accessories

Bluetooth/WiFi modules (for older non-wireless units)
Software upgrades (for some models)
Extended warranty packages (typically 20-30% of purchase price for 3-year extension)
Training subscriptions (vendor-specific)

Warranty, Support, and Service Life

Standard warranty terms

Megger: Typically 3 years on most professional models
Fluke: Typically 1-year standard, extendable
Hioki: Typically 3 years on most models
AEMC: Typically 2-3 years on professional models
Budget brands: Typically 1 year or less

Service life expectations

Tier	Typical service life
Premium (Megger, Fluke, Hioki professional)	15-25 years with proper maintenance
Standard professional	8-15 years
Budget brands	3-7 years

Repair availability

Major brands offer service for 10+ years after model discontinuation
Independent calibration labs may service older models that manufacturers won’t
Specialized repair shops can sometimes restore older equipment

Total cost of ownership impact

A $3,200 premium tester lasting 15-20 years averages $160-200/year in initial purchase cost. A $1,200 budget tester lasting 5-7 years averages $170-240/year. The longer service life of premium equipment often makes annual cost similar despite higher initial price.

For high-volume professional use, the premium tier usually wins on total cost. For occasional use, the standard tier often makes more sense.

FAQ

Can I get by with a $400 multimeter that has an insulation test function?

For occasional residential use, yes. For professional work, no. Combined multimeter/insulation testers typically have limited test voltages (often 500V max), basic features (no PI/DAR calculation), and lower accuracy. A dedicated insulation tester is worth the investment for any serious electrical work.

Do I need wireless connectivity in 2026?

Increasingly yes. Manual data transcription introduces errors and is time-consuming. Wireless to phone/tablet eliminates this. For a tester used regularly, the wireless feature pays for itself in time savings within months.

What’s the difference between “professional” and “industrial” testers?

The distinction is fuzzy and brand-specific. Generally:

Professional = standard accuracy (±5%), basic features, mid-price
Industrial = better accuracy (±2-3%), comprehensive features, higher price
Premium = top-tier accuracy, advanced features, highest price

For most users, “professional” tier is adequate; “industrial” tier is worth the cost for daily-use applications.

Is Megger or Fluke better?

Both are excellent. Megger has stronger heritage in insulation testing specifically; Fluke has broader test instrument ecosystem. Choice often comes down to which company’s accessory ecosystem you already have. Hioki is also strong, particularly for cost-conscious professional buyers.

Should I buy from a local dealer or online?

Both work. Local dealers offer faster service for warranty issues, in-person product demonstrations, and ongoing relationship for accessories. Online generally offers better prices and wider selection. For large purchases (over $3,000), local dealers may negotiate competitive pricing.

Do I need an insulation tester rated for higher voltage than I’ll actually use?

Yes, by about 50-100% above your maximum work voltage. A 5000V tester used regularly for 2500V work has plenty of margin; a 2500V tester used regularly for 2500V work is at the edge of its capability.

How important is accuracy?

Depends on the work:

Pass/fail testing (does it exceed minimum specs?): ±5% is plenty
Trending over time: ±3% gives clear trend signals
Acceptance testing per standards: Check standard requirements (typically ±5% adequate)
Forensic analysis or expert witness work: ±2-3% recommended

For general use, ±5% accuracy is sufficient. For specialized work, ±2-3% may be required.

Can I use a 5000V tester for 500V work?

Yes. A multi-voltage tester at lower voltages is just as accurate as a dedicated 500V tester. The reverse is not true — you can’t use a 500V tester for 5000V work.

Should I buy a hipot tester or just a megger?

For most insulation testing, a multi-voltage megger is sufficient. Hipot testers are specialized equipment for acceptance testing per specific standards (see our Hipot Testers Explained article). Don’t buy both unless you actually need both.

How long should an insulation test take?

Basic test: 1-2 minutes. Full PI test: 10 minutes. Step voltage testing: 10-30 minutes. Per IEC 60270-related procedures: up to several hours. Choose a tester with timer and auto-calculation if you’ll do many PI tests.

What if I’m doing one-time work?

Consider renting. Major rental companies (United Rentals, Sunbelt) carry quality testers at $50-150/day. For one-week projects, rental is often cheaper than purchase + calibration.

Should I worry about IP rating?

For outdoor work, yes — look for IP54 minimum. For indoor industrial use, IP54 is nice but not essential. For lab/office use, basic dust resistance is adequate. Most professional testers are at least IP40 (protected against tools, larger objects).

Do European and US testers differ?

Generally no — major brands sell the same models worldwide. Some regional differences:

Frequency display: 50 Hz or 60 Hz preference
Test lead types: Banana plug differences (less common now)
Plug types for AC-powered models (region-specific)
Some specific models may be region-restricted due to certification requirements

For international work, verify the specific model is supported in your region for calibration and warranty.

Key Takeaways

Match the tester to the work, not vice versa. Buy based on what you’ll actually test, not what looks impressive.
The decision framework: equipment type → test voltage → Overvoltage Category → features → budget.
Test voltage classes: 250V (electronics), 500V (residential/light commercial), 1000V (industrial control), 2500V (MV motors), 5000V (MV industrial), 10000V/15000V (utility HV).
Overvoltage Categories matter: Per IEC 61010-1:2010 Annex K — CAT II for residential, CAT III for industrial fixed installations, CAT IV for utility/HV work at the origin of installation. IEC 61557-1 requires Class II protection (double insulation) and minimum CAT III for IMD equipment.
Operating uncertainty (B-uncertainty) per IEC 61557-1 combines intrinsic uncertainty A and ten influence quantities E1-E10 (position, supply voltage, temperature, interference, etc.). Premium testers maintain ±2-3% across the full operating range.
Multi-voltage professional testers ($1,500-$4,500) offer best value for most professional work — covering 250V through 5000V in one unit.
Essential features: Multi-voltage, automatic PI/DAR calculation, data logging, voltage display during test, Class II protection.
Realistic budget by user: Residential electrician $500-$1,200, industrial maintenance $1,500-$4,000, utility commissioning $4,000-$10,000.
Total cost of ownership is about 3× purchase price over 10-year service life (~$9/measurement for premium tier).
Used market can save 40-60% but requires careful evaluation — calibration certificate, condition assessment, return policy essential.
Don’t undercompensate. A tester that can’t properly handle your work is worse than no tester. Better to spend an extra $500 than to be limited by inadequate equipment.

Standards and References

Standard / Reference	Content
IEC 61557-1:2007	General requirements for IEC 61557 measuring equipment up to 1000V AC / 1500V DC
IEC 61557-2:2014	Insulation resistance measuring equipment (Part 2 of the series)
IEC 61010-1:2010	Safety requirements for measurement, control, and laboratory equipment
IEC 60664-1:2020	Insulation coordination for low-voltage systems
IEC 61326-2-2:2012	EMC requirements for portable test equipment
IEC 60529:2013	Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)
IEEE 43-2013	IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Electric Machinery
ISO/IEC 17025:2017	General requirements for testing and calibration laboratories

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